"His alcoholism was suicide," she told the Moskovsky Komsomolets newspaper. [54][61] There, his journalism served as cover for renewed work for MI6.

Krivitsky claimed that two Soviet intelligence agents had penetrated the Foreign Office and that a third Soviet intelligence agent had worked as a journalist for a British newspaper during the civil war in Spain. Facing exposure by MI6 and almost certainly the death penalty, Kim Philby had fled to Moscow - from where he wrote to his wife pleading for her to join him. The multitude of names point to the many facets of an extraordinary life, but all attach to the family name of Philby. His eldest son was my father, John who was himself a 19-year-old art student in 1963 when he first learnt of Kims espionage; stepping off a ferry on the Isle of Wight, he was met by a billboard stating that Kim was a wanted man. WebBefore he was exposed, Philby was the mentor of James Jesus Angleton, one of the central figures in the early years of the CIA who became the long-serving chief of the counter-intelligence staff of the Agency. [11][pageneeded], Both the British and the Soviets were interested in analyzing the combat performance of the new Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighter planes and Panzer I and Panzer II tanks deployed with Falangist forces in Spain. He fled to the Soviet Union in 1963 - walking out on his wife and children To protect his family, still living in the USSR, Orlov said nothing about Philby, an agreement Stalin respected. The organization was one of several fronts operated by German communist Willi Mnzenberg, a member of the Reichstag who had fled to France in 1933. Elliott speculated in his autobiography that Crabb suffered equipment failure. And here he was struck by disappointment, brought to tears. The intercepted messages revealed that the British Embassy source (identified as "Homer") travelled to New York City to meet his Soviet contact twice a week. He reported to the Soviet NKVD from the Spanish civil war under the guise of a correspondent for the Times, and in 1940 joined the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS, or MI6), becoming a double agent and passing many secrets to the Kremlin. A passionate Arabist, he served in the Middle East as a civil servant and political agent, but became increasingly disillusioned with British policy in the region and fell out with the London establishment in spectacular fashion over its treatment of the Arabs, gaining a reputation as a troublemaker and dangerous radical. [65] Nicholas Elliott, an MI6 officer recently stationed in Beirut who was a friend of Philby's and had previously believed in his innocence, was tasked with attempting to secure Philby's full confession. And so they are as well.. These lapses by Philby aroused intense suspicion in Moscow. In December 1937, during the Battle of Teruel, a Republican shell hit just in front of the car in which Philby was travelling with the correspondents Edward J. Neil of the Associated Press, Bradish Johnson of Newsweek, and Ernest Sheepshanks[21] of Reuters. This is what he was like. In 1956, Kim Philby began an affair with Eleanor Brewer and married her in January 1959. [81] In the book, Philby says that his loyalties were always with the communists; he considered himself not to have been a double agent but "a straight penetration agent working in the Soviet interest". Born in India in the British Raj, his father was the famed explorer St John Philby. He trained Albanian commandossome of whom were former Nazi collaboratorsin Libya or Malta. Upon her return to Istanbul in late 1948, she was badly burned in an incident with a charcoal stove and returned to Switzerland. It was a very warm meeting when we met. He Was Born in India. Born in India in the British Raj, his father was the famed explorer St John Philby. In September 1949, the Philbys arrived in the United States. WebHarold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby ORB, OL ODN (1 January 1912 11 May 1988) was a British intelligence officer and a double agent for the Soviet Union. Philby occupied himself by writing his memoirs, which were published in the UK in 1968 under the title My Silent War; they were not published in the Soviet Union until 1980. She lived separately from Philby, settling with their children in Crowborough while he lived first in London and later in Beirut. When he was instructed to remove and replace his boss, Felix Cowgill, he asked if it was proposed "to shoot him or something", but was told to use bureaucratic intrigue. She lived separately from Philby, settling with their children in Crowborough while he lived first in London and later in Beirut. The Anglo-German Fellowship, at this time, was supported both by the British and German governments, and Philby made many trips to Berlin. J. Edgar Hoover complained that Burgess used British Embassy automobiles to avoid arrest when he cruised Washington in pursuit of homosexual encounters.

Part of the Family and A Double Life are available now. Though a convinced Communist, he had a strong humanistic streak. I think that he was of Czech origin; about 5ft 7in, stout, with blue eyes and light curly hair. Philby replied that none had been sent and that none was undergoing training at that time. Country. He fled to the Soviet Union in 1963 - walking out on his wife and children Philby had defected to the Soviet Union from Beirut in 1963, and was treated with respect, but felt isolated. The NKVD received the same report from Richard Sorge but with an extra paragraph claiming that Hitler might seek a separate peace with the Soviet Union. "Kim said to me, 'I came here totally fully of information, I wanted to give everything I had but no one was interested," explained Pukhova. During the Phoney War from September 1939 until the Dunkirk evacuation, Philby worked as The Times' first-hand correspondent with the British Expeditionary Force headquarters. Facing exposure by MI6 and almost certainly the death penalty, Kim Philby had fled to Moscow - from where he wrote to his wife pleading for her to join him. And he took an interest in what we were doing as grandchildren. [43][pageneeded] Clearly there had been leaks and Philby was later suspected as one of the leakers. Shortly afterward, Philby was moved to the job as chief SIS representative in Washington, D.C., with his family. [88], While working as a correspondent in Spain, Philby began an affair with Frances Doble, Lady Lindsay-Hogg, an actress and aristocratic divorce who was an admirer of Franco and Hitler. Golitsyn offered the CIA revelations of Soviet agents within American and British intelligence services. In her article, published yesterday in British daily The Independent, she describes Kim Philby as a proud man, and one who chose to publicly stand by his actions. WebThe couple had five children, Josephine, John, Tommy, Miranda and Harry George, who were born between 1941 and 1950. [92] Melinda left Maclean and briefly lived with Philby in Moscow. Philby had repeated his claim that there were no such agents. After all, they won the war.'". It was ten years before he was given a minor role in the training of KGB recruits. The situation in Washington was tense. [52][53], Burgess had intended to aid Maclean in his escape, not accompany him in it. Elizabeth Holberton. He was bearded, he looked very distinguished and he behaved in very dignified manner. The younger Philby was known as Kim, after the hero of Rudyard Kipling's novel of that name, a young boy who serves his country as a spy. Elliott confronted him, saying, "I once looked up to you, Kim. Englebach would visit his grandparents at their London flat at Drayton Gardens in fashionable Chelsea, where Philby was a visitor from Saudi Arabia. Charlotte Philby's grandfather was the double agent Kim Philby. In his lifetime, Kim married four times, and had five children by his second wife Aileen Furse. I'm pretty family minded, so anyone who's family to me is someone special. [11][pageneeded], In February 1937, Philby travelled to Seville, Spain, then embroiled in a bloody civil war triggered by the coup d'tat of Falangist forces under General Francisco Franco against the government of President Manuel Azaa.

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A similar lapse occurred with a report from the Imperial Japanese Embassy in Moscow sent to Tokyo. Kim Philby was a man of the British Empire. He graduated in 1933 with a 2:1 degree in Economics. Charlotte is the granddaughter of Kim Philby, Britains most famous communist double-agent, the elusive third man in the notorious Cambridge spy ring. In 1940 he was interviewed by MI5 officers in London, led by Jane Archer. He married Aileen Furse a week later. His father had a distinguished past as an explorer and fixer for the regions movers and shakers, and any intelligence Kim could pick up through his fathers outstanding contacts would be useful to the bosses in London. [87], In a 1981 lecture to the East German security service (the Stasi), Philby attributed the failure of the British Secret Service to unmask him as due in great part to the British class systemit was inconceivable that one "born into the ruling class of the British Empire" would be a traitorto the amateurish and incompetent nature of the organisation, and to so many in MI6 having so much to lose if he was proven to be a spy. This statement was underlined twice in red and marked with two question marks, clearly indicating their confusion and questioning of this, by disbelieving staff at Moscow Central in the Lubyanka, according to Genrikh Borovik, who saw the telegrams much later in the KGB archives. Philby told the British, after a direct question to Franco, that German troops would never be permitted to cross Spain to attack Gibraltar. regarding his possible Soviet affiliations continued. [78][pageneeded] Philby was under virtual house arrest, guarded, with all visitors screened by the KGB. The head of MI6, Dick White, only recently transferred from MI5, had suspected Philby as the "third man". And then we moved on. The Royal Navy was interested in the anti-submarine warfare equipment carried under the cruiser's stern. Then they were enemies for the rest of their lives. You should have seen his face.". This turned out to be identical with Barclay's dispatch, convincing the NKVD that Philby had seen the full Barclay report. We need it desperately." Philby's work led to the deaths of dozens of British agents, making him a reviled traitor once he was exposed in Britain. Philby confirmed that he had worked for the KGB and that "his purpose in life was to destroy imperialism".[80]. On 25 October 1955, following revelations in The New York Times, Labour MP Marcus Lipton used parliamentary privilege to ask Prime Minister Anthony Eden if he was determined "to cover up at all costs the dubious third man activities of Mr Harold Philby"[57] This was reported in the British press, leading Philby to threaten legal action against Lipton if he repeated his accusations outside Parliament. Subsequent criticism of Crabb, whom Elliott believed to be a brave and honourable officer and who had undertaken operations of the same kind before, was resented by Elliott. He Was Born in India. The offer was politely declined, for his grandfather was no stranger to discomfort. Lipton later withdrew his comments. British intelligence officer and Soviet double agent (19121988), Kim Philby, memorandum in Security Service Archives (1963). Kim Philby drank while Guy Burgess, who was gay, missed his friends in London, including Anthony Blunt whose spying activities, though known to the government, were kept under wraps until they were exposed much later, in 1979. WebKim Philby divorced Litzi Friedmann on 17th September 1946. [79] Philby's less attractive personal qualities were matched by a charm to which many of his MI6 colleagues succumbed.

In her article, published yesterday in British daily The Independent, she describes Kim Philby as a proud man, and one who chose to publicly stand by his actions.

He had the policy of never confessinga document in his own handwriting was dismissed as a forgery. In August 1956 he was sent to Beirut as a Middle East correspondent for The Observer and The Economist. [3] St John was a member of the Indian Civil Service (ICS) and later a civil servant in Mesopotamia, and advisor to King Ibn Sa'ud of Saudi Arabia. The investigation into the British Embassy leak continued and the stress of it was exacerbated by the arrival in Washington, in October 1950, of Guy BurgessPhilby's unstable and dangerously alcoholic fellow Soviet spy.

[58] This retraction came about when Philby was officially cleared by Foreign Secretary Harold Macmillan on 7 November. Putting real historical characters into a novel is a minefield, especially those who existed within living memory. [5] He also began working for both the Soviet and British intelligence, which usually consisted of posting letters in a crude code to a fictitious girlfriend, Mlle Dupont in Paris, for the Russians. The team includes Reem Philby, granddaughter of Rozy. His controller in Paris, the Latvian Ozolin-Haskins (code name Pierre), was shot in Moscow in 1937 during Joseph Stalin's Great Purge. Concerned that the hard wooden seats would be uncomfortable for a man of such advanced years, young Michael suggested fetching a cushion to sit on. [58] He and Eleanor divorced and she departed Moscow in May 1965. He volunteered to confront Philby to obtain a written confession of his espionage. In 1946, Philby arranged a divorce from Litzi. Sir Hugh Sinclair, Head of MI6, happened to visit The Hague, took to Elliott and offered him a job. Aileen died of influenza in December 1957. Rozy Philby, as she was known, had five children, although two died in infancy, a tragedy all too common in the region at that time. Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby ORB, OL ODN (1 January 1912 11 May 1988)[1] was a British intelligence officer and a double agent for the Soviet Union. She lived separately from Philby, settling with their children in Crowborough while he lived first in London and later in Beirut. The Soviets, who had reported a diver in trouble near the stern, did not complain but also denied responsibility for Crabb's death. While working in Section Five, Philby had become acquainted with James Jesus Angleton, a young American counter-intelligence officer working in liaison with SIS in London. In the process, he became a close friend and adviser to the Ruler of Saudi Arabia, Ibn Saud, spending much of his life there, initially as a British military officer, and eventually becoming a Muslim. "[23], Philby, "employed in a Department of the Foreign Office", was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1946.[41]. From 1947, they infiltrated the southern mountains to build support for former King Zog. The two-drink tradition remained but in time there was no longer a need to hide the bottle, she added. Philby was suspected of tipping off two other spies under suspicion of Soviet espionage, Donald Maclean and Guy Burgess, both of whom subsequently fled to Moscow in May 1951. We searched every corner until Kim suddenly struck himself on the head with his hand, went to a cupboard and brought back the boot. Of the five, Philby is believed to have been most successful in providing secret information to the Soviets.[2]. His grandson says he knew very little about this other, Saudi, side of the family. He hated London, adored Paris, and spoke of it with deeply loving affection. Stewart Menzies, head of SIS, disliked the idea, which was promoted by former SOE men now in SIS. Volkov's defection had been discussed with the British Embassy in Ankara on telephones which turned out to have been tapped by Soviet intelligence. Could they have overlooked Philby's Communist wife?" [33] Thanks to British counter-intelligence efforts, of which Philby's Iberian subsection formed a significant part, the project (Abwehr code-name Bodden) never came to fruition. For the Soviets, Philby was an invaluable asset, ensuring the correct use of idiomatic and diplomatic English phrases in their disinformation efforts. His career in secret intelligence came by chance, like many before and after him. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Aileen died in 1957, leaving him five children. He warned the Soviets of the attempted defection and travelled to Istanbulostensibly to handle the matter on behalf of SIS but, in reality, to ensure that Volkov had been neutralised.

He Jubilee Statistical Yearbook]", "The national economy of the USSR for 70 years. Working from genuine unclassified and public CIA or US State Department documents, Philby inserted "sinister" paragraphs regarding US plans.

Amnesia in Literature and Film He Wages and incomes of the population. Solomon went to work for the British retailer Marks & Spencer. Three sons survived and thrived. In his lifetime, Kim married four times, and had five children by his second wife Aileen Furse. So Philby left his wife and children in England in September 1956, arriving in a country for which he had little natural sympathy. [62], In Lebanon, Philby at first lived in Mahalla Jamil, his father's large household located in the village of Ajaltoun, just outside Beirut. You can give that to the International Organisation for Aid for Revolutionaries. Donald Maclean, although arrogant and someone who liked a drink too, was regarded as more convivial. I gather they're a very close family, and I think they're delighted to have an extended English family as well. [85], Philby found work in the early 1970s in the KGB's Active Measures Department churning out fabricated documents. [11][pageneeded] On a short trip back from Spain, Philby tried to recruit Flora Solomon as a Soviet agent; she was the daughter of a Russian banker and gold dealer, a relative of the Rothschilds, and wife of a London stockbroker. In late 1944 Philby, on instructions from his Soviet handler, maneuvered through the system successfully to replace Cowgill as head of Section Nine. I discovered much later from a photograph in MI5 files that the name he went by was Arnold Deutsch. [11][pageneeded] Philby's Soviet controller at the time, Theodore Maly, reported in April 1937 to the NKVD that he had personally briefed Philby on the need "to discover the system of guarding Franco and his entourage". It was absolutely charming and very heartwarming, he says. Angleton, later chief of the Central Intelligence Agency's (CIA) Counterintelligence Staff, became suspicious of Philby when he failed to pass on information relating to a British agent executed by the Gestapo in Germany. Kim touched many corners of the Empire in his early years, from his birthplace in India to the deserts of the Arabian peninsula to the prestigious schools of England. They travelled together in Spain through August 1939. A Spy Among Friends tells the tale the friendship between British spies Kim Philby and Nicholas Elliott. With the goal of potentially arranging Franco's assassination, Philby was instructed to report on vulnerable points in Franco's security and recommend ways to gain access to him and his staff. There is evidence that Philbys son Kim, the British MI5 agent who would eventually be unmasked as a spy for the Soviet Union, knew of the marriage and the children that followed. "Once, a big group of us were on a trip on the Volga: Kim and I and, of course, his KGB escort, and the escort's daughter. My God, how I despise you now. During his career as an intelligence officer, he passed large amounts of intelligence to the Soviet Union, including a plot to subvert the communist regime of Albania. Born in India in the British Raj, his father was the famed explorer St John Philby. Philby found that the award proved helpful in obtaining access to fascist circles: "Before then," he later wrote, "there had been a lot of criticism of British journalists from Franco officers who seemed to think that the British in general must be a lot of Communists because so many were fighting with the International Brigades. In England in 1963, Nicholas Elliott works for MI6 but is left in turmoil when he learns his close friend and colleague Kim Philby had been secretly working as a double agent for the KGB and has defected to the Soviet Union. United Kingdom. [70] The Dolmatova, a Soviet freighter bound for Odessa, had left Beirut that morning so abruptly that cargo was left scattered over the docks;[58] Philby claimed that he left Beirut on board this ship. The witnesses were Toms Harris and Flora Solomon. Kim Philby and Jim Angleton first met at Bletchley Park, in early 1944. [11][pageneeded], A more serious incident occurred in August 1945, when Konstantin Volkov, an NKVD agent and vice-consul in Istanbul, requested political asylum in Britain for himself and his wife. To the extent that I helped defeat them, even if it caused their deaths, I have no regrets. "There was one funny incident," she remembered. Mikhail Lyubimov, his closest KGB contact, explained that this was to guard his safety, but later admitted that the real reason was the KGB's fear that Philby would return to London. ", "John le Carr, The Art of Fiction No.

In England in 1963, Nicholas Elliott works for MI6 but is left in turmoil when he learns his close friend and colleague Kim Philby had been secretly working as a double agent for the KGB and has defected to the Soviet Union. He was thirty-four; she was thirty-five and seven months pregnant with their fourth child, Miranda. [1], Elliott's intelligence career was marked by two extraordinary events: the death of Royal Navy Commander Lionel Crabb in 1956, and the flight of British double agent Kim Philby to Moscow in 1963. [11][pageneeded] After being evacuated from Boulogne on 21 May, he returned to France in mid-June and began representing The Daily Telegraph in addition to The Times. Turkish intelligence took them to a border crossing into Georgia but soon afterwards shots were heard. [61], It is unclear whether Philby had been alerted, but Eleanor noted that as 1962 wore on, expressions of tension in his life "became worse and were reflected in bouts of deep depression and drinking". In his lifetime, Kim married four times, and had five children by his second wife Aileen Furse. Part of the Family and A Double Life are available now. Maclean bequeathed Blake his library of books, including Trollope, Macaulay's History of England, Morley's Life of Gladstone, and the Macmillan and Eden memoirs. "He once even said that it was the easiest way to bring life to an end. Journalist Ben Macintyre, author of several works on espionage, speculated that MI6 might have left open the opportunity for Philby to flee to Moscow to avoid an embarrassing public trial. WebA Spy Among Friends: With Guy Pearce, Damian Lewis, Anna Maxwell Martin, Adrian Edmondson. Allegiance. He testified before the Dies Committee (later to become the House Un-American Activities Committee) regarding Soviet espionage within the US. Country. A plaque in his honour was unveiled by the head of the foreign intelligence service at its headquarters in Moscow in December. The younger Philby was known as Kim, after the hero of Rudyard Kipling's novel of that name, a young boy who serves his country as a spy. Barclay reported the complaint to London. WebKim Philby divorced Litzi Friedmann on 17th September 1946. In Vienna, working to aid refugees from Germany, Philby met Litzi Friedmann (born Alice Kohlmann), a young Austrian communist of Hungarian Jewish origins. Litzi lived in Paris before returning to London for the duration of the war; she ultimately settled in East Germany. The couple divorced in 1965, two years after he defected to USSR. In February 1947, Philby was appointed head of British intelligence for Turkey, and posted to Istanbul with his second wife, Aileen, and their family. Modrzhinskaya concluded that all were double agents, working essentially for the British. Some sources give her family name as Al Abdul Aziz, suggesting she was a close relative or even a daughter of Ibn Saud and much younger than Philby, possibly in her teens. [9][pageneeded]. 7-11-1943 - 14-8-2009. WebBefore he was exposed, Philby was the mentor of James Jesus Angleton, one of the central figures in the early years of the CIA who became the long-serving chief of the counter-intelligence staff of the Agency. Charlotte Philby's grandfather was the double agent Kim Philby. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. In her absence, Philby had begun an affair with Donald Maclean's wife, Melinda. He married Aileen Furse a week later. [47] His dissolution had a troubling effect on Philby; the morning after a particularly disastrous and drunken party, a guest returning to collect his car heard voices upstairs and found "Kim and Guy in the bedroom drinking champagne.

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